Warning: This article contains images which some readers may find distressing.
In November 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia erupted, triggering a catastrophic event that led to immense loss and destruction. The eruption caused glaciers on the mountain to melt, generating a fast-moving mudflow known as a lahar, which engulfed the town of Armero. Nearly 20,000 of the town’s 29,000 residents lost their lives in the disaster.
Among the many heartbreaking stories from this tragedy, one of the most well-known is that of 13-year-old Omayra Sánchez. She became trapped under debris from her collapsed home, with her lower body submerged in water and mud. Despite the tireless efforts of rescuers, they were unable to free her due to the way her legs were pinned beneath the wreckage.
Rescue teams did everything possible to comfort her, providing food, water, and reassurance. She remained remarkably brave, even expressing love for her family in her final moments. After nearly three days, Omayra passed away on November 16, 1985.
Photojournalist Frank Fournier captured an image of Omayra that became one of the most powerful and widely recognized photographs in history. Her eyes appeared dark due to prolonged exposure to water and the immense physical stress she endured. Fournier later recalled that she faced the situation with incredible courage, and at times, she became disoriented, asking if she was late for school.
Following the publication of the photograph, many questioned why she could not be saved. Fournier explained that, despite all efforts, a rescue was not possible under the circumstances. Reflecting on his role, he stated:
“There was an outcry—debates on television on the nature of the photojournalist, how much he or she is a vulture. But I felt the story was important for me to report, and I was happier that there was some reaction; it would have been worse if people had not cared about it.”
“I believe the photo helped raise money from around the world in aid and helped highlight the irresponsibility and lack of courage of the country’s leaders. There was an obvious lack of leadership. There were no evacuation plans, yet scientists had foreseen the catastrophic extent of the volcano’s eruption.”
Omayra’s story continues to serve as a reminder of the importance of disaster preparedness and emergency response. Her strength and resilience left a lasting impact on the world, ensuring that the lessons from Armero are never forgotten.
